Presented with two map layers and a situation involving suitability or habitability, a GIS operator is able to "look through" the map layers to select or recategorize the areas of the two maps based on the combination of attributes or features.
For example, given a hawk with a preference for high, flat nesting sites, one could use a DEM to inquire where to build that hawk nest observation tower. This kind of operation relies on Boolean logic which controls how the maps are made. In ArcMap, boolean logic terms are built into the Map Calculator (left below) and Map Query (right)
and satisfies both conditions simultaneously
or satisfies one or the other and both
xor satisfies one or the other but not both
not excludes the condition
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